Pharmaceutical and clinical evaluation of intravenous admixture of dobutamine and dopamine used in treatment hypotension in neonatal intensive care units

The aim of this study was to evaluate compatibility and stability of the maximum concentration used for binary admixture containing dobutamine and dopamine in 5% glucose. The maximum concentration of each drug was 5.76 mg/ml of dobutamine and 2.88 mg/ml of dopamine in 50 ml of 5% glucose. The physical compatibility of binary admixtures was assessed using visual inspection and pH determination immediately after preparation [at 0 time] and after 24 hrs. The chemical stability was assessed using high performance thin layer chromatoghraphy [HPTLC]. The method is based on HPTLC separation of the two drugs followed by densitometric measurements of their spots at 254 nm using Camag TLC Scanner 3. The mobile phase comprised ethyl acetate: n-propanol: water: glecial acetic acid [60:24:9:3, v/v/v/v]. The results revealed that no precipitation, gas evaluation, color change, pH change or chemical incompatibility were observed over the entire time of mixing of two drugs in 5% glucose solution

Compatibility and stability of ternary admixture of midazolam, dobutamine and dopamine in 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride solution

The aim of this study was to evaluate compatibility and stability of the maximum concentration used for ternary admixture containing midazolam, dobutamine and dopamine in 5% glucose and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions. The maximum concentration of each drug was 0.144 mg/ml of midazolam, 5.76 mg/ml of dobutamine and 2.88 mg/ml of dopamine in 50 ml of 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride solutions. The physical compatibility of ternary admixtures was assessed using visual inspection and pH determination of ternary admixtures immediately after preparation [at 0 time] and after 24 hrs. The chemical stability was assessed using high performance thin layer chromatoghraphy [HPTLC]. The method is based on HPTLC separation of the three drugs followed by densitometric measurements of their spots at 254 nm using Camag TLC Scanner 3. The mobile phase comprised ethyl acetate: n-propanol: water: glecial acetic acid [60:24:9:3, v/v/v/v]. There were no visual changes [such as precipitation, gas evaluation or change in color] during 24 hrs after preparation of admixture. Also, there was no change in pH values of admixtures during that time. The results revealed chemical stability of midazolam, dobutamine and dopamine over the duration of mixing [24 hrs] in 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride solutions

Protective effect of quercetin [QRT], a bioflavonoid on stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases which represent a serious medical problem due to its frequency, high economic cost and frequent adverse reactions associated with drugs used in its management. In this work, an attempt was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of quercetin [QRT], the most abundant natural bioflavonoid which is widely distributed in edible plants and has a powerful antioxidant effect on stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. In this experimental model the pathogenesis of the lesions has been related to the production of reactive oxygen species. The rats were randomly classified into 4 equal groups, [10 animals each] as follows: [1] Control group, [2] Pylorically ligated group in which animals were subjected to pyloric ligation only, [3] Cold restraint stress [CRS] group in which rats were subjected to pyloric ligation, allowed to recover, and then restrained by immobilizaiton and placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for 3 hours, and [4] Quercetin [QRT] treated group that received 50 mg/kg QRT intraperitonealy 1 hour before pyloric ligation and induction of gastric mucosal ulceration by cold restraint stress. Three hours later, all rats were decapitated, their stomachs were removed and the gastric content of groups 2, 3 and 4 were collected. Then, gastric juice parameters [volume, total acidity, total acid output, total pepsin concentration as well as glycoprotein contents] were studied. Also, the effect of QRT on stress induced gastric ulcer parameters [ulcer incidence; ulcer score; ulcer index and preventive index] were investigated in groups 1, 3 and 4. On the other hand, prior to decapitation, blood samples were collected from all animals for measurement of superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity in red blood cell [RBC] lysates as an index of the antioxidant state. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that intraperitioneal administration of QRT led to a markedly significant reduction in the occurrence of gastric ulceration in all treated rats as evidenced by the reduction of the mean ulcer score and ulcer index with a preventive index of 73.5%. Pretreatment with QRT was also associated with a significant decrease in the total acid and pepsin concentrations as well as a highly significant increase of glycoprotein contents compared with cold restraint group. Furthermore, the administration of QRT significantly increased SOD level as compared to cold restraint group. It is concluded that QRT has a protective effective role against stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats and the relevance of these results was discussed

Prelminary evaluation of quercetin effect on diclofenac sodium associated gastric ulcer in rats

The effect of quercetin [QRT] in preventing or reducing the diclofenac sodium-induced gastric ulcers was evaluated in rats following over night fasting by using a scanning electron microscopy. The scanning micrographs of stomach specimens showed a marked reduction in the gastric ulceration only when the quercetin is given before the administration of diclofenac sodium. The physicochemical characteristics of diclofenac sodium and quercetin combination were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometery. The results revealed that a chemical incompatibility of diclofenac sodium and quercetin undoubtedly has been occurred when they were mixed in one combination. According to aforementioned results, we advise orally taking quercetin only before administration of diclofenac sodium as a prophylactic treatment to protect against its expected gastric disturbances

Ibuprofen-quercetin combination as a novel pharmaceutical compatible system

The effect of oral administration of quercetin [QRT] [25 mg/kg] on an experimentally Ibuprofen-induced ulcer was studied in rats. The results of gross appearance and scanning electromicrographs of the mucous membrane and superficial cells of the stomach revealed that the quercetin reduced the damage of submucosal superficial cells. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometer, IR spectroscopy, solubility and partitioning studies elucidated the absence of any interaction between the two compounds and also the physical compatibility of ibuprofen [IP]-quercetin combination. It is concluded that ibuprofen and quercetin can be pharmaceutically co-formulated or co-administrated with the aim of reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects of ibuprofen